The Islamic State Is No More A Collection Of Psychopaths

ISIS stands for Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. The Obama administration prefers the term ISIL which means the Islamic State in Levant. The term Levant literally means the rising; in reference to the land where the sun rises. However, many western news have decided to switch and call the group by the name Islamic State. ISIS finds its roots after the invasion in 2003 of Iraq by the United States. â€Å"ISIS is a Sunni jihadist group born in 2004 in Iraq. Known at the time as a cell of al-Qaeda - Al Qaeda in Mesopotamia, the group acted under the leadership of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi†. (LUÈšAI, R. C. (2015). The Islamic State -- aspects of sovereignty. International Journal On Humanistic Ideology, 6(2), 143-152.)The Jordanian Abou Moussab Al-Zarqaoui is the funding father of this movement. As it is said in the article â€Å"the Islamic State is no more a collection of psychopaths†. Indeed, ISIS became a group aware of their influence and well organized. This Sunni fundam entalist group has as main goal which is to fight against infidels, whom according to them are all people that does not adhere to their beliefs. ISIS wants to establish a caliphate, which is â€Å"an Islamic state. It s led by a caliph, who is a political and religious leader who is a successor (caliph) to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. His power and authority is absolute.† Islam is their first tool, that’s how they can make some partisan and expand in the Middle East. â€Å"Known at the time as a cell of al-Qaeda - Al Qaeda inShow MoreRelatedIslamic Violence And The Islamic State898 Words   |  4 Pages Islamic State Imagine waking up one morning, walking out of your house, and seeing men with rifles walking up and down the streets of your neighborhood. The armed men directing traffic, checking businesses, telling the women how to dress. It would not be a pleasant morning would it? This is what Syria and Iraq have been experiencing with the Islamic sate taking over the two countries. The armed men telling people what to do, inspecting everything, and controlling all the movement is the least ofRead MoreThe Islamic State And Terrorism985 Words   |  4 Pageshave been experiencing with the Islamic State taking over the two countries. The armed men telling people what to do, inspecting everything, and controlling all the movement is the least of Syria and Iraq’s problems. The Islamic state has committed various acts of violence in both countries. The Islamic State has to be put to a stop if not by the countries surrounding it, than by the United States before it causes more destruction in other places. â€Å"The Islamic state is a transnational Sunni IslamistRead MoreWw2 and Its Influences in the Bosnian Genocide4761 Words   |  20 Pagesvarious acts of war crimes towards Bosnian Muslims. It carries out a historical investigation of the causes of the war crimes, trying to make clear how the Bosnian Serbs could kill neighbors just because of their religion or where they resided. In more detail, the investigation deals with the origin of the tension between both groups, how Nationalistic influences from World War II were prevalent during the genocide, and how World War II influenced the practices sought to carry out the genocide, examiningRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pageset al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen

Short Story - 1068 Words

She stepped out of the long stretched black limo. It took her four hours to get here. Not that matters to anyone but her. She made it and that was what was important. She smoothed the wrinkles from her dress. The mood darken as she stepped inside the building. In the corner to her right, Ms. Lou and Mrs. Right sat judging everyone the second they stepped into their view. Those two ladies had been judging people for as long as she could remember, but for someone to be allowed to judge them, yeah, not likely to happen. â€Å"Some people never change.† she thought to herself. It’s been six years since her last visit and she expected more people to be amongst the dead instead of the living considering that’s where most of their personalities were.†¦show more content†¦The chatter stopped when a much younger version of the man sitting beside her walked in. This one was the real killer. She was sure of it. His hands were stained with blood and his thoughts wer e filled with guilt. He bowed his head without making eye contact. He walked straight up to the closed coffin, kneeling in front of it. He oozed the regret. She softly rubbed the hand she held in hers before getting up and walking over to him. She kneeled next to him, not saying a word. They didnt make eye contact, she just quietly and gently placed her hand on top of his as she had done with his father. I downed another iced cold beer. â€Å"You’re gonna be late.† I shook my head. I knew this but I didn’t completely care. I needed to drown myself in this moment. â€Å"I’m getting out of the car, it’s safe now your cousin is here.† I gazed through the windshield trying to focus to see her. The limo looked to be doubled. She stepped out of it brushing her hand through her hair and across her dress. I begged her not to leave all those years again. She had other plans for her life though. This town was too small for her. She needed to get away from the stories of her parents. We didnt blame her. We just wanted to go with her. I just wanted to go with her. She promised to come back and here she was making good on that promise for the wrong reasons but hey she kept her word. Job well done. The car door slammed shut and I popped the cap off anotherShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 W ords   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of eventsRead MoreRacism in the Short Stories1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intr uding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narrator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. In

Molecular Biology Surrogate Marker for Endoscopic

Question: Describe about the Molecular Biology for Surrogate Marker for Endoscopic. Answer: 1. The conditional and inducible gene knockout is a type of technique which is used for the elimination of a particular gene from a certain tissue like the kidney and liver. The use of this technique is in the study and determination of the function of specific individual genes of the living organisms. This process is different from the traditional gene knockout because in this process only specific gene at specific time is being deleted (Li, Y et al. 2014). The traditional gene knockout may result in the embryonic death due to the gene mutation and thus the study of the gene in adult condition by the scientist gets prevented but the use of the conditional gene knockout technique eliminates all these side effects of the traditional gene knockout technique. There are several tissues which are not possible to be studied properly in the isolation, this proves that genes are inactive in some specific tissue and active in other tissues (George et al. 2015). However by the use of the this conditional gene knockout technology it is possible to eliminate the genes present at a particular stage of development and the study can also be done about the affect of the knockout of the gene of one tissue have over the genes of the other tissues. The most common technique use for the conditional gene knockout technology is the Cre-lox recombination system. In this system the specific recombinase enzyme Cre recognizes the two lox that is the loci of the recombination sites present within the DNA and causes recombination among them (Kumar et al. 2016). This technique of conditional gene knockout in mice is often used for the study of several human diseases because there are many genes present which produces similar phenotypes both the species. For studying kidney function and learning and memory in mice lacking Msc1 knockout mutation must be created in each of the embryonic stem cells that take part in the protein coding genes present in these tissues of the mice. The genes are made to be knockout because it is the best way to determine the accurate function of the genes and study more about the role of these genes in human disease. In this particular project it is to be focused that is there any deficiencies occurring in the formation of the wiring of the brain and development of it due to the elimination of the Msc1 and what happens if the targeted gene is not eliminated. It also have to be determined that what changes occurs in the development of the memory cells due to the lack of these Msc1 (Put et al. 2016). Also the changes in the function of kidney due to the lack of the Msc1 have to be checked. This can be done by knockouting the Msc1 gene and after that monitoring the changes that are occurring in the mutated mice in comparison to the wild type mice.For the development of the mouse models comprising these diseases requires a new strategy for the generation of the animal lines with genetic changes that are identical. This opportunity is provided by the pluripotent stem cells isolated from the embryo of the mouse(Rotunno et al. 2015).. 2. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) along with the ulcerative colitis (UC) andCrohns disease (CD) are disorders that are mediated by the immune system and these diseases are characterized by the relapsing and chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Though the cases of IBD were observed very rarely about century ago but in recent times the prevalence rates of the IBD have increased (D'Haens et al. 2012). Though it is clear that genetic susceptibility is responsible for this disease still the environment, diet and the resident microbial population of the intestinal area are also considered to play an essential role in the start and development of the disease. For the collection of the pure population of cells from the frozen tissue laser micro dissection technique can be used (Lutgens et al. 2013). This allows the molecular profiling of these cells which is also reflective of these cells in vivo state. The mouse model is used for the analysis of the gene expression present in the large intestine. This analysis is mainly done with the intact colon tissue and also gives insights as the molecular pathways that are involved in the maintenance and the initiation of inflammation. However the colon is type of a complex tissue which possessesdifferent distinct layers like the submucosa, mucosa, serosa and muscular layer.The epithelial layer present in the colon mucosa comprises goblet cells,enterocytes, intraepithelial lymphocytes and stem cells (Xuan et al. 2016). The main aim of this project is to depictthe global gene expression changes in complete colon tissue after and before the development of the inflammation inIl10/mice.The total inflamed colon comprises a huge number of infiltration of the immune cells which can be considered to be associated with the damage of the tissue and the overall changes in the morphology of the intestine which occurs due to inflammation. The primary role of the epithelium in the process of inflammation improvement needs an additional understanding of the changes of the cell that are occurring in the IBD epithelial layer in vivo condition. The laser micro-dissection and subsequent microarray analysis of the epithelial cells of the colon make it possible to identify the pathways and the process that are related to the procedure of inflammation. For the investigation of this hypothesis interleukin 10 gene deficiency mouse that is (Il10/) is used, which is responsible for the development of the inflammation of the intestine that is similar to IBD (Hua et al. 2013). The ethics involving mice in the experiments Utilizing creatures as a part of research has dependably been a subject of level headed discussion among mainstream researchers around the world. The choice to play out specific trials on live creature subjects is constantly taken after a progression of examinations were at that point performed, leaving this as a last necessity before live human testing. It ought to dependably be performed when it is resolved that it will give a huge progression in the field and will later outcome in a change to the human, social or natural prosperity. Verifiably, creatures have been utilized as a part of logical trials since old circumstances. Their utilization has differed significantly, thus did the ethical ramifications (Yipp et al. 2012). As pharmaceutical progressed as the centuries progressed, utilizing live or dead creatures was of vital significance for physiology or life systems tests. In cutting edge society, creature examinations are a privilege credited to skilled specialists who can gua rantee others conscious care and utilization of the creatures in controlled situations, with as meager uneasiness as could be expected under the circumstances to the living creature. Mice were utilized as prime subjects for therapeutic examinations, particularly in pharmacokinetics studies and treatment (Jouan-Lanhouet et al. 2012). The host and microbe relation-ship is very necessary for the normal development of the immunity of the gut mucosal and for the maintenance of the intestinal homeostasis and it also prevents the uncontrolled periods of the inflammation of the local portion. The colonization of the pathogens and the virulence is also prevented by the microbiota of the gut and at the same time it also promotes the function of the epithelial barrier by promoting the rejuvenation of the epithelial cells. the genetics of the host and the immune mechanism modulated the gene expression of the recognition of the microbial molecular pattern so that an influence over the diversity and the function of the local microbiota can be made. There are many genes which includes for the maintenance of epithelial barrier function are IBD5, ITLN1, DMBT1, DLG5, PTGER4, XBP1, and the genes which are included in the process of beginning of secondary immune response are HLA-region, PTPN2, TNFSF15/TL1A, IRF5, PTPN22, NKX2-3, IL -18RAP, IL-12B, MST1. Thus it can be concluded from here that alteration in the genetic level may influence the immunity of the organism just by promoting or suppressing the blooms of the pathogenic microbiota and in return of this it affects the integrity of the epithelial-barrier, inflammation and immunity of the host intestine. The recent days studies shows that there is a quite good relationship between the process of inflammation, the gene Il10/ and the gut microbiota. The microbial status has a huge influence over the growth of inflammation and tumorigenesis. Due to the deficiency of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 on the effector T cells the mice develops chronic intestinal inflammation. This chronic inflammation increases the chances of the tumorigenesis which is further initiated by colon specific carcinogen. Different hypothesis shows that inflammation sometimes alter the composition of the microbial community in the Il10/ mice which susceptible to colitis in comparis on to the wild type (WT) mice (Devkota et al. 2012). Though the germ free mice exhibit to have an undeveloped immune system, this approach is perfect for the study of the microbiome because it diminishes the microbiota legacy. The samples of the stool and the samples of the distal colon represent the luminal and the microbiota which are mucosally adherent and these samples are composed from the Il10/ (colitis), AOM-treated Il10/ (colitis or cancer), AOM-treated WT (healthy) and WT (healthy). For the evaluation of the microbial population the Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing of the V6 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene is performed. This region of the bacterial gene is the hyper variable portion of the gene. The colitis susceptible Il10/ mice shows a decrease in the microbial richness in comparison to the healthy WT mice. Studies shows that there is an abundance of Proteobacteria in the Il10/ microbiota in comparison to the healthy WT mice. In the Proteobacteria the class of Gammapro teobacteria, Enterobacteriales order and the Enterobacteriaceae family were observed to be more significantly abundant in the Il10/ mice (Teichmann et al. 2012). The IL-10-819C/T polymorphism is not expressively related to the colon cancer. However the recent studies suggested that IL-10 819TT genotype can be considered as the protective factor for the cancer among the Asians especially in the case of gastric cancer. On the other hand CT genotype and the dominant model can be a risk factor for the ovarian and the cervical cancer (Yu, Z et al. 2013). The significance of the stratifying by the cancer type, ethnicity, sample size and study design required to be standardize in the studies of the future along with the consideration of the association between the cancer riskand IL-10 819C/T polymorphism. A broad variety of the usual cell as well as the tumor cells produces interleukin (IL)-8 and the principle role of it is the beginning and the intensification of the acute inflammatory reactions. The IL-8 is also being concerned in the processes of chronic inflammation. The IL-10 is one type of the immunoregulatory cytokine and the main biological function of it is the termination process of the inflammatory response. The proliferation and the differentiation of several types of immune cells are regulated by the IL-10 (Turner et al. 2014). This gives the evidence that IL-10 have dual role one is the antiangiogentic cytokine and the second one is the Immunosuppressive which promotes and inhibits the effect on the tumor enlargement and progression. Since the role of the IL-8 and IL-10 are not at all very well defined, so investigation is still going on the impact of the IL- and IL-10 on the sporadic colon cancer progression and development. Though an increased IL-8 and IL-10 expression is observed in various tumors and also some studies exhibits IL-8 and IL-10 levels related to tumor metastasis and progression. Under different pathological conditions over expression as well as deficiency of the IL-10 can be found. Also it is analyzed that there is a significant IL-8 and IL-10 protein expression in the cases of sporadic colon tu mors (Galdiero and Mantovani, 2015). Reference Devkota, S., Wang, Y., Musch, M.W., Leone, V., Fehlner-Peach, H., Nadimpalli, A., Antonopoulos, D.A., Jabri, B. and Chang, E.B., 2012. Dietary-fat-induced taurocholic acid promotes pathobiont expansion and colitis in Il10-/-mice. Nature, 487(7405), pp.104-108. D'Haens, G., Ferrante, M., Vermeire, S., Baert, F., Noman, M., Moortgat, L., Geens, P., Iwens, D., Aerden, I., Van Assche, G. and Van Olmen, G., 2012. Fecal calprotectin is a surrogate marker for endoscopic lesions in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 18(12), pp.2218-2224. Galdiero, M.R. and Mantovani, A., 2015. Macrophage Plasticity and Polarization: Relevance to Biomaterials. Host Response to Biomaterials: The Impact of Host Response on Biomaterial Selection, p.117. George, A.A. and Walworth, N.C., 2015. Escape from mitotic arrest: an unexpected connection between microtubule dynamics and epigenetic regulation of centromeric chromatin in Schizosaccharomycespombe. Genetics, 201(4), pp.1467-1478. Hua, Y., Shen, J., Song, Y., Xing, Y. and Ye, X., 2013. Interleukin-10 592C/A, 819C/T and 1082A/G polymorphisms with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A huge review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 8(6), p.e66568. Jouan-Lanhouet, S., Arshad, M.I., Piquet-Pellorce, C., Martin-Chouly, C., Le Moigne-Muller, G., Van Herreweghe, F., Takahashi, N., Sergent, O., Lagadic-Gossmann, D., Vandenabeele, P. and Samson, M., 2012. TRAIL induces necroptosis involving RIPK1/RIPK3-dependent PARP-1 activation.Cell Death Differentiation,19(12), pp.2003-2014. Kumar, N., Srivastava, S., Burek, M., Frster, C.Y. and Roy, P., 2016.Assessment of estradiol-induced gene regulation and proliferation in an immortalized mouse immature Sertoli cell line.Life sciences, 148, pp.268-278. Li, Y., Zheng, M. and Lau, Y.F.C., 2014. The sex-determining factors SRY and SOX9 regulate similar target genes and promote testis cord formation during testicular differentiation. Cell reports, 8(3), pp.723-733. Lutgens, M.W., van Oijen, M.G., van der Heijden, G.J., Vleggaar, F.P., Siersema, P.D. and Oldenburg, B., 2013. Declining risk of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: an updated meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 19(4), pp.789-799. Put, K., Vandenhaute, J., Avau, A., Van Nieuwenhuijze, A., Brisse, E., Dierckx, T., Rutgeerts, O., Garcia?Perez, J., Toelen, J., Waer, M. and Leclercq, G., 2016. Inflammatory gene expression profile and defective IFN? and granzyme K in natural killer cells of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients.Arthritis Rheumatology. Rotunno, G., Guglielmelli, P., Pacilli, A., Fanelli, T., Mannarelli, C., Pancrazzi, A. and Vannucchi, A.M., 2015.Mutational Landscape of Patients with Myelofibrosis That Do Not Harbor Mutations in JAK2, MPL and Calreticulin Driver Genes.Blood, 126(23), pp.4091-4091. Teichmann, L.L., Kashgarian, M., Weaver, C.T., Roers, A., Mller, W. and Shlomchik, M.J., 2012. B cell-derived IL-10 does not regulate spontaneous systemic autoimmunity in MRL. Faslpr mice. The Journal of Immunology, 188(2), pp.678-685. Turner, M.D., Nedjai, B., Hurst, T. and Pennington, D.J., 2014. Cytokines and chemokines: at the crossroads of cell signalling and inflammatory disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research, 1843(11), pp.2563-2582. Xuan, Y., Wang, L., Zhi, H., Li, X. and Wei, P., 2016. Association Between 3 IL-10 Gene Polymorphisms and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. Medicine, 95(6). Yipp, B.G., Petri, B., Salina, D., Jenne, C.N., Scott, B.N., Zbytnuik, L.D., Pittman, K., Asaduzzaman, M., Wu, K., Meijndert, H.C. and Malawista, S.E., 2012. Infection-induced NETosis is a dynamic process involving neutrophil multitasking in vivo.Nature medicine,18(9), pp.1386-1393. Yu, Z., Liu, Q., Huang, C., Wu, M. and Li, G., 2013. The interleukin 10 819C/T polymorphism and cancer risk: a HuGE review and meta-analysis of 73 studies including 15,942 cases and 22,336 controls. Omics: a journal of integrative biology, 17(4), pp.200-214.

The Longest Shortcut Essays - Panama Canal, Culebra Cut, Gatn

The Longest Shortcut Section One The problem was the great 12,000 mile distance to go around South America to get to from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean or vice versa. The solution was to make canal to cut the distance down significantly. Vasco Nunez de Balboa discovered the Pacific coast in the 1513. Many famous people including Benjamin Franklin suggested that a route could be made through Panama to shorten the path. However, others people disagreed that it could be done in Panama. German explorer Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt believed that Panama was too mountainous and the wrong place to build the canal. ?U.S. Army Col. Charles Biddle concluded after four days of hiking in the jungle that the impracticality of building a canal in Panama ought to be clear to anyone.? (Kiger) Designing, constructing, and implementing the Panama Canal is one of the largest macro-engineering projects in recorded history. It took a two nations and the workforce of many other nations to complete. Columbia lost a large part of its land and the Republic of Panama was created for the sole purpose of building the Canal. ?Apart from wars, it represented the largest, most costly single effort ever before mounted anywhere on earth.? (McCullough 11) Not only were there advances in technology, but also entire technologies were created for this macro-engineering project. ?In the history of finance capitalism, in the history of medicine, it was an event of signal consequence.? It marked a score of advances in engineering, government planning, labor relations.? (McCullough 12) Even thought it took numerous people to design and finish the Panama Canal's original creator was the entrepreneur Vicomte Ferdinand De Lesseps. Ideas varied on how to complete the task. Vicomte Ferdinand De Lesseps was the first in charge of the Panama Canal. De Lesseps promoted the idea of the French building the canal. He believed that he would return pride to France by completing this project. He successfully completed the Suez Canal in Egypt. He planned to repeat his success in Panama using a sea level canal. He sold stock and investors put up about 240 million dollars. Three times the amount of what the Suez Canal cost. The completion of the Canal was set at twelve years. 20,000 workers were working on the canal by 1883. The French had a string of failures. They failed because the technology and medical technologies didn't exist at this point of time. De Lesseps was more a man of personality then an engineer, for he had no technical training. The French piled dirt up next to the spots they were digging. This cause landslides and they had to dig the same spots over. About 200 people were dieing a month from yellow fever. (Kiger) The French had no idea what was causing this. Next to the hospital they had plants in basins filled with water to stop umbrella ants from eating them. Unbeknownst to the French this was the perfect breeding ground. These basins helped mosquitoes breed in great numbers that carried yellow fever. The money was squandered and embezzled from the project. The French then decide that maybe switching to a lock canal might be better in order to try to comfort investors. De Lesseps realizes that he is out of his league and asks Eiffel for help. It is too late for the French to succeed in completing the canal. De Lesseps's Canal Company goes out of business and simply run out of funds to continue work. The French pull out of Panama after 10 years, but not until 287 million dollars was spent and 20,000 people died. Many people are sent to prison over the financial fiasco. The word Panama became synonymous with the word scandal in France. ?Leon F. Czolgosz, aged twenty-eight, a Detroit resident of Polish heritage and an unemployed mill worker of anarchist sentiments, had fired a concealed .32 Iver Johnson revolver point blank into the President's chest. McKinley doubled over and fell backward into the arms of his Secret Service escorts.? (The American President) When this happened the presidential power went to Theodore Roosevelt. With this change also brought change in American foreign policy. Columbia could not agree with terms United States wanted to